Environ Exp Biol (2024) 22: 11–16

Drought tolerance improvement for grain yield of a modern rice variety based on morphological and physiological response

Abstract

Growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is severely affected by drought stress, which leads to decreased rice production in rainfed ecosystems worldwide. Particularly, modern rice varieties are more susceptible to drought stress rather than traditional rice varieties. In the present study, a modern short-term rice variety, ADT37, abundantly cultivated in the Cauvery delta region of the southern part of India, was improved for grain yield by introducing qDTY1.1 through the conventional backcross method. Positive F1 progenies were identified using RM431 linked with qDTY1.1 in PCR amplification. In phenotypic selection, rice progenies with suitable plant height to avoid linkage drag as well as high degree of drought tolerance to manage the drought stress were selected and advanced through the backcrossing process up to the BC3 generation. Finally, two near isogenic lines with equal plant height to the recurrent parent and high degree of drought tolerance were selected. A positive effect of qDTY1.1 on plant height and fertile seeds was revealed. In the future, the selected superior near isogenic lines would be useful to rice researchers and farmers facing unexpected water crises. Moreover, the morphological marker associated with the performance of crops according to the intensity of stress will support climate resilient agriculture.